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America’s job numbers are not as rosy as they seem

Construction workers in Manhattan, New York. Credit: Getty.

February 8, 2023 - 7:00am

To much fanfare at the end of last week, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in the United States published jobs numbers that appeared surprisingly rosy. The BLS reported that the number of jobs grew by 517,000 in January, a figure that, outlets claimed, “surprised economists”. No doubt this was a strong jobs report, but there are reasons to be cautious.

To understand why, we need to rewind back to February 2008. In its report on the January job numbers of that year, the BLS stated that “nonfarm payroll employment and the unemployment rate were essentially unchanged in January”, signalling that all was stable (‘nonfarm payroll’ refers to the entire economy’s employment outside of the agricultural sector). But, in retrospect, the next sentence portended disaster: “The small January movement in nonfarm payroll employment reflected declines in construction and manufacturing and job growth in health care.”

In fact, construction employment had been going down for some time. It had been falling since the summer of 2007 and by January it was registering a 3.2% annual decline. By December of 2008, construction employment was falling at 10% annually and the American economy was in a deep recession.

But what does that have to tell us today? After all, the recent BLS report stated that construction had added 25,000 jobs in January. Surely trying to draw parallels with 2008 is a fool’s errand? Not so. In fact, the fall in construction employment that started in the summer of 2007 was predictable from as early as the summer of 2006. It was then that construction investment started to collapse.

During the summer of 2006 real private residential investment — which is a good proxy for construction investment — fell by around 7% annualised. It continued to fall faster and faster in the following months. Obviously, if investment in a sector is falling then eventually this will translate into workers being laid off. And so it did, almost exactly a year later.

Well, real private residential investment is falling once more. In the fourth quarter of 2022 it fell by around 9% — faster than it did in the summer of 2006. Using this data, we can use regression analysis to predict construction sector job growth in the coming months.

 

As we can see in the chart, residential investment growth predicts that construction layoffs will begin this summer in the United States. This is actually an optimistic prediction, given the underlying weakness of the economy, and those layoffs may well happen sooner. So long as residential investment continues to fall, the layoffs in the construction sector will rise — and eventually the US economy will tip into recession, potentially between the summer and winter of this year.

In fact, the rosy jobs numbers themselves could accelerate this process. These figures will put further pressure on the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates given that financial markets are betting on rates above 5% after the report. These high interest rates will only further discourage residential investment, and so could themselves speed up construction layoffs.

This matters for us here in the UK, too. For one, if the US slips into recession we will undoubtedly follow. But more immediately, Fed rate hikes spur the Bank of England to raise rates further to ensure that the value of sterling does not erode. This will spark less investment in the construction sector here and, unlike in the US, we are already seeing construction employment fall. So whatever happens on that side of the Atlantic, we should be doubly prepared for it to come to us, too.


Philip Pilkington is a macroeconomist and investment professional, and the author of The Reformation in Economics

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Terry M
Terry M
1 year ago

The Fed will raise interest rates to curb inflation. Politically, inflation is worse than job losses because inflation hits everyone. It is easier for pols to gloss over job losses, particularly when it only hits a few sectors, like manufacturing.
A recession is when someone else loses his job, a depression is when you lose your job.
We will have another recession this year and it will be worse than last year’s.

Terry M
Terry M
1 year ago

The Fed will raise interest rates to curb inflation. Politically, inflation is worse than job losses because inflation hits everyone. It is easier for pols to gloss over job losses, particularly when it only hits a few sectors, like manufacturing.
A recession is when someone else loses his job, a depression is when you lose your job.
We will have another recession this year and it will be worse than last year’s.

Chris W
Chris W
1 year ago

Only last week there was an article on UnHerd about bank lending in the USA getting out of control – too much money was being diverted to the real estate market. Banks will collapse. Doom.

The question is, how much of that money was going into new property and how much into house price inflation? Without that information, both articles are not telling us much.

If construction will stop the banks will be safe? A recession (by economic definition) perhaps but not a meltdown. Meltdown sounds a lot more dramatic.

Is all of this tranferable to the UK? Probably because we have to copy the Americans in every way. But, if we had a government which built public-owned houses, doesn’t that mean that we would avoid recession but possibly have a meltdown.

Help me someone.

Ian Stewart
Ian Stewart
1 year ago
Reply to  Chris W

You should try reading the Daily Telegraph. Its finance and economics writers deal in hyperbolic headlines of doom on a daily basis. If I believed them I’d be living in a hut on the isles waiting for the economic recovery.

Elliott Bjorn
Elliott Bjorn
1 year ago
Reply to  Ian Stewart

I find the DT wildly optimistic on UK Housing Prices – Madly so. The BTL posters there on DT are a stupid bunch – so pro Zelenski as to almost be obsessed, and so anti Russia as to be crazed – and on house prices they think all is well. They say prices rising even
How DT has such an insane BTL crowd is because they only do Up Votes – thus a crazy guy cannot be shown to be a fool by having sane people down vote them – only counted are the up-votes the minority of other crazies who post . No ability to down vote turns the best rated over to the lunatic fringe.

For UK Housing watch Charlie – By Far the best real Estate blogger in UK – he says a 35% drop in 2023 – 24

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCweRK3vDR6E4LkaMucFkcmw

He is a MUST WATCH if you are British, and fun as well.

Kat L
Kat L
1 year ago
Reply to  Elliott Bjorn

I noticed the rabid Russia hate on DT as well. I don’t understand it at all.

Kat L
Kat L
1 year ago
Reply to  Elliott Bjorn

I noticed the rabid Russia hate on DT as well. I don’t understand it at all.

Elliott Bjorn
Elliott Bjorn
1 year ago
Reply to  Ian Stewart

I find the DT wildly optimistic on UK Housing Prices – Madly so. The BTL posters there on DT are a stupid bunch – so pro Zelenski as to almost be obsessed, and so anti Russia as to be crazed – and on house prices they think all is well. They say prices rising even
How DT has such an insane BTL crowd is because they only do Up Votes – thus a crazy guy cannot be shown to be a fool by having sane people down vote them – only counted are the up-votes the minority of other crazies who post . No ability to down vote turns the best rated over to the lunatic fringe.

For UK Housing watch Charlie – By Far the best real Estate blogger in UK – he says a 35% drop in 2023 – 24

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCweRK3vDR6E4LkaMucFkcmw

He is a MUST WATCH if you are British, and fun as well.

Ian Stewart
Ian Stewart
1 year ago
Reply to  Chris W

You should try reading the Daily Telegraph. Its finance and economics writers deal in hyperbolic headlines of doom on a daily basis. If I believed them I’d be living in a hut on the isles waiting for the economic recovery.

Chris W
Chris W
1 year ago

Only last week there was an article on UnHerd about bank lending in the USA getting out of control – too much money was being diverted to the real estate market. Banks will collapse. Doom.

The question is, how much of that money was going into new property and how much into house price inflation? Without that information, both articles are not telling us much.

If construction will stop the banks will be safe? A recession (by economic definition) perhaps but not a meltdown. Meltdown sounds a lot more dramatic.

Is all of this tranferable to the UK? Probably because we have to copy the Americans in every way. But, if we had a government which built public-owned houses, doesn’t that mean that we would avoid recession but possibly have a meltdown.

Help me someone.

Elliott Bjorn
Elliott Bjorn
1 year ago

USA has had a small net loss on full time jobs – but big increase in part time jobs. This is a sickening economy. People now need two jobs to get by – and many places reducing full time jobs to part time.

Peter Schiff is always good about Jobs in USA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2y5eiKHkd0

James Stangl
James Stangl
1 year ago
Reply to  Elliott Bjorn

Indeed. The “jobs growth” numbers don’t speak to whether these are truly new primary jobs, or people needing to pick up additional work just to keep their heads above water. Post-pandemic Bidenomics is a house of cards, made worse by deliberate restrictions on energy production, with consequent ripples through supply chains.

James Stangl
James Stangl
1 year ago
Reply to  Elliott Bjorn

Indeed. The “jobs growth” numbers don’t speak to whether these are truly new primary jobs, or people needing to pick up additional work just to keep their heads above water. Post-pandemic Bidenomics is a house of cards, made worse by deliberate restrictions on energy production, with consequent ripples through supply chains.

Elliott Bjorn
Elliott Bjorn
1 year ago

USA has had a small net loss on full time jobs – but big increase in part time jobs. This is a sickening economy. People now need two jobs to get by – and many places reducing full time jobs to part time.

Peter Schiff is always good about Jobs in USA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2y5eiKHkd0