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Belgium’s new sex work law sanitises prostitution

Sex workers and activists demonstrate in Brussels. Credit: Getty

December 4, 2024 - 10:00am

Belgium, long notorious for a series of child abuse cases, has now become a somewhat surprising pioneer of “progressive prostitution”. A new law, which came into effect on Sunday, has pulled pimps from the shadows, giving them the status of legitimate employers. In principle, women — and some men — who sell sex full-time in brothels are now entitled to contracts offering maternity pay, sick leave and pensions.

The legislation has been welcomed by organisations including Human Rights Watch (HRW). “This is radical, and it’s the best step we have seen anywhere in the world so far,” HRW researcher Erin Kilbride told the BBC. “We need every country to be moving in that direction.”

Despite the decriminalisation of prostitution in Belgium in 2022, conditions have remained grim for many in the country’s brothels. In the same BBC piece, Sophie, a mother of five, recalled that before the recent reform, “I had to work while nine months pregnant […] I couldn’t afford to stop because I needed the money.”

For her and many others, the right to rest and receive pay during maternity leave is life-changing. But what remains unsaid is revealing. Absent from her words is any judgement of men who would pay a broke and heavily pregnant woman for sex she didn’t want. Arguably, in a society in which selling sex is simply a job, criticism of a buyer’s habits puts your livelihood — and perhaps your life — at risk.

For those who have no moral qualms about selling sex, the new law makes sense: it mandates basic hygiene standards, checks on pimps and panic buttons in rooms where sex is sold. But it’s also clearly an attempt to sanitise prostitution. Whether this is possible, or desirable, remains a moot point.

While Sophie might make a good interviewee, she is unlikely to be representative of most who sell sex. Estimates suggest around 70% of women and girls in prostitution across Europe are migrants, a group far less likely to quibble about employment contracts or indeed to rally under the slogan “sex work is work.” Will a Ukrainian woman really be in a position to refuse a sex act without risking either her income, a bad review on Punternet, or violence?

The legal sex industry generates billions for some countries. In Germany, where prostitution is fully legalised, over a million men visit brothels every day, and the country has more prostitutes per capita than anywhere else in Europe. Mega-brothels are now a feature of German cities. Yet estimates suggest only 44 out of an estimated 400,000-1,000,000 prostituted people have chosen to register as prostitutes in order to access benefits.

German feminist campaigner and presenter of the Red Light Exposé podcast Elly Arrow told me the pro-prostitution lobby is looking to Belgium to be “the figurehead of the movement to decriminalise pimping” as negative headlines on the outcomes of legal prostitution in Germany and New Zealand pile up.

“Whether in Central Europe or elsewhere, there simply hasn’t been a widespread adoption of full employment contracts and the workplace hazards of prostitution still include robbery, rape and homicide,” she said. “Meanwhile the much narrowed definition of what now constitutes a trafficker means prosecutions are all that much harder.”

NGOs including Amnesty International and UNAIDS have promoted decriminalisation as the humane, progressive option. These powerful groups could ensure that the ripples from Belgium’s new law are felt across the continent.

Ultimately, the sex industry is built on lies. Just as the middle-aged trucker who pays a foreign teenager for sex chooses to believe she loves her work, NGOs and governments have swallowed the idea that prostitution can be made safe. All of those who voted for the law would do well to ask themselves: if sex work is a job like any other, would you do it?


Josephine Bartosch is a freelance writer and assistant editor at The Critic.

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Alex Lekas
Alex Lekas
15 hours ago

I hate to put a damper on things but the mother of five named Sophie has larger issues than a lack of maternal leave in her chosen profession.

Jeremy Bray
Jeremy Bray
9 hours ago
Reply to  Alex Lekas

It is said to be the oldest “profession” as you put it. If so it is time for it to be properly professionalised. A Royal College of Prostitutes granting practice certificates to young people who have undertaken a 5 year University course with modules in DEI, unconscious bias training, professional techniques both theoretical and practical, psychological counselling, safeguarding, philosophy, social work and social justice advocacy.

To ensure that reckless amateurs are driven out from providing substandard psychologically damaging services sex would have to be made illegal except through the NSS (National Sex Service) that your doctor could refer you to if you became depressed as a result of a lack of sex. It might be a bit frustrating to be be waiting for some time on the waiting lists that would build up but diagrams could be provided by the NSS on safe self southing techniques in the meantime.

it would also provide useful employment to a vast army of administrative staff to oversee the NSS.

Tyler Durden
Tyler Durden
19 hours ago

As they have just legalised euthanasia for under-18s, I think the rest of the international community should start to treat them as a pariah state.
But not Britain, of course, who supports applying an ICC arrest warrant. And would we ever treat this regime not to go much, much further than Canada, Oregon and the Benelux on assisted suicide?

Citizen Diversity
Citizen Diversity
19 hours ago

Have the Belgians yet ‘progressed’ as far as legislating for men to have full equality with women in this ’employment’ arena?

Arthur G
Arthur G
12 hours ago

When sex is viewed merely as cheap entertainment with no moral or spiritual content, sexual abuse of all kinds is going to be rampant. If sex is no big deal, why not? Western society needs to re-engage with the deeper meaning of sex.

Last edited 12 hours ago by Arthur G
Evan Heneghan
Evan Heneghan
16 hours ago

“ if sex work is a job like any other, would you do it?”

No, but by that logic we should be outlawing chiropodists…

David Morley
David Morley
16 hours ago
Reply to  Evan Heneghan

Not to mention cleaning public toilets. At a fraction of the pay.

Last edited 16 hours ago by David Morley
Jeremy Bray
Jeremy Bray
9 hours ago
Reply to  Evan Heneghan

Would you be happy if your child married a chiropodist! The shame of it. What would the neighbours say.

David Morley
David Morley
13 hours ago

the middle-aged trucker who pays a foreign teenager for sex 

Nice to see that the working class man has been promoted from wolf whistler to child abuser.
Why not try slipping a group of men in there, some of whom actually have been paying for sex with teenagers – and on our own shores. Funny how it’s OK to stereotype some groups, but not others.

Ethniciodo Rodenydo
Ethniciodo Rodenydo
13 hours ago

If you think about it, the legalise prostitution and assisted dying debates have much in common

Arthur G
Arthur G
12 hours ago

They do. When you reduce all morality to a thin veneer of “consent”, with no consideration for the intrinsic morality of the acts envisioned, or the myriad pressure people are under to give “consent”, you will end up authorizing some really ugly things.

jane baker
jane baker
10 hours ago

Perhaps they’ll make it a legitimate job centre option here so if you refuse, your meagre income gets stopped.

Jeremy Bray
Jeremy Bray
9 hours ago
Reply to  jane baker

Don’t give Rachel Reeves ideas.

Rasmus Fogh
Rasmus Fogh
17 hours ago

Let me give a couple of quotes:

Ally Fogg (Left-wing Guardian commentator, generally pro-feminist, believer in men’s rights, strong believer in facts):
If you are hooked on hard drugs, there are very few jobs open to you, Apart from prostitution there is dealing, theft, begging, and scrap metal collecting. The alternatives are no less soul-destroying than prostitution is.

Mechanima (Guardian BTL commentator, Irish, teenage runaway and ex-prostitute):
I really hated prostitution, and I was extremely reluctant to take it up, but I never blamed the punters. If it had not been for the punters, I would not be alive today. I blame my family, the social workers, all those who could have helped me, but did not.

Prostitution is indeed a sorry business, and women who are brought there by deception, force or slavery certainly need rescuing. But in other cases: Are you really doing somebody a favour by forcing them out of prostitution – and into something that they like even less – because they could have chosen it themselves, but did not?

Last edited 17 hours ago by Rasmus Fogh
Martin Bollis
Martin Bollis
11 hours ago
Reply to  Rasmus Fogh

I’ve upticked the comment because I think it is valid but I’m not impressed by Mechanima.

In the sentence “I hated prostitution,” you could substitute ‘burger flipper, chambermaid, coal miner,’ any number of less than desirable jobs. She decided prostitution was a better bet but then blames other people for it. Would she blame others for a job at Macdonalds or take personal responsibility for that?

I’m sure her backstory is grim but plenty of people with grim backstories make different choices. If drugs were involved, again, it wasn’t her family or social workers who put the needle into her vein.

That lack of personal responsibility, and a zeitgeist that unthinkingly endorses it, is relevant to a discussion on those who choose prostitution but regret it.

I suspect the majority are trafficked, an entirely different set of circumstances.

There are also no doubt a small minority who see it as a way to make easy money and make an informed choice – another different set of circumstances. Wrapping these different constituencies into one doesn’t help the discussion.

Rasmus Fogh
Rasmus Fogh
10 hours ago
Reply to  Martin Bollis

Fair enough, but I disagree with you. As a sixteen-year-old runaway I do not think she had the option of becoming a chambermaid or coal miner. And I do think that society, that is us, collectively, should give people some better options than prostitution. If someone decides that protitution is better than being poor and working at MacDonalds, you can talk about informed choices. If someone is living on the street or starving it is fair enough to put some blame on those who did not help.

This goes the more for those who campaign against prostitution. Instead of closing that possibility off they would do better to be offering some better alternatives.

George K
George K
16 hours ago

So what changed? Previously prostitution was legal but pimping was not? Now it’s legal too as long as you provide workplace benefits? Bottom line: the old abusive pimping is less punishable now? Because it’s not criminal code but only the workplace conditions violation?

jane baker
jane baker
10 hours ago
Reply to  George K

Albanians are famously law abiding + love to pay tax.

David Morley
David Morley
16 hours ago

Traditionally many brothels were run by women, known as madams. These were often older ex prostitutes. This was the case in Ireland, before the brothels were closed down and the women sent to the laundries to work. The Geisha system in Japan was also female run.

Why does the author assume the system in Belgium will be run by male pimps?

William Shaw
William Shaw
17 hours ago

In the final sentence the author asks “if sex work is a job like any other, would you do it?”
The answer for many people, as she full well knows is a resounding no.
However, there are many jobs that women will not do – such as oil rig roughneck, construction jobs involving physical labour, electrical lineman, most farming work, etc.
The article is laced with straw man arguments.

Last edited 17 hours ago by William Shaw
Francis Turner
Francis Turner
16 hours ago

like the illegal drugs industry, no amount of legislation will ever stop supply and demand.

El Uro
El Uro
9 hours ago
Reply to  Francis Turner

Crime is an integral part of any society.
Does this mean that we should stop fighting crime? According to your logic, the answer is “Yes”

Mark epperson
Mark epperson
13 hours ago

Tough call. Sex is as, or even more powerful than drugs or alcohol. There are good arguments for both legal and illegal but it still going to happen, witness a million men a day in Germany, so why not apply the practical solution? Make it legal, regulate it, and let the people decide to be sex workers or johns. Their will always be the illegal and dangerous part of black-market sex, but that is always going to happen when folks get desperate.

Last edited 13 hours ago by Mark epperson
David Morley
David Morley
16 hours ago

Belgium, long notorious for a series of child abuse cases, has now become a somewhat surprising pioneer of “progressive prostitution”. 

What level of cheap journalism is this!!

Gordon Arta
Gordon Arta
15 hours ago

What’s marriage but prostitution with a salary, meal ticket, and pension plan? Plus the option to give up the sex part and keep the rest, so that desperate women pick up the sex as piece work. Like having a cleaner, butler, cook, and gardener, really.

David Morley
David Morley
12 hours ago
Reply to  Gordon Arta

Nice bit of provocation. Anybody else remember when this was how feminists described marriage? When they weren’t comparing it to slavery that is.