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Germany’s Mittelstand is collapsing

The so-called 'Mittelstand', comprised of millions of small businesses, is in serious trouble. Credit: Getty

October 26, 2024 - 1:00pm

Sometimes it is hard to know who to believe during a crisis. Optimists in Germany might take solace in a recent Bloomberg report announcing that “the country’s economic downturn may be ending”. Unfortunately, the word “may” is carrying a lot of weight here. In the very same week that Bloomberg was predicting an improved economic outlook for Germany, there was a renewed barrage of bad news. It was revealed that the country’s five-year expected tax revenues will fall short by €60 billion, there is going to be a budget gap of more than €40 billion, and Germany is on course to enter its second recession year in a row.

Instead of disappearing, it seems as if the recession is spreading, hitting the backbone of the German economy: the so-called Mittelstand, the 3.1 million small- and medium-sized companies that make up 99.4% of all firms. These companies are not just crucial for innovation and the labour market, they also constitute a large part of the tax base. The very structure of the Mittelstand makes it difficult for its members to move assets around globally in the way huge companies like Google can, and whatever the tax burden is, it hits those small enterprises directly and immediately.

This also means that if they suffer, so does the tax revenue and the predicted massive shortfall demonstrates that there is nothing left to squeeze from smaller German entrepreneurs. Unsurprisingly, the IMF has now cut its growth forecast for Germany for this year and the next, from 1.3% to a meagre 0.8%, making it the slowest growing economy in the Eurozone and the G7.

Berlin’s answer to this problem is the planned creation of a “Germany Fund” to stimulate investment, but one should not put too much hope into it. After all, this new fund is being framed as a plan to create “a climate-neutral modern industrial future” according to Green economic minister Robert Habeck. This is a polite way of saying that Germany will yet again throw billions at the continuously failing energiewende (energy transition), which is one of the main reasons for Germany’s economic problems to begin with. The University of Cologne has calculated that government subsidies for renewables will reach €18 billion in 2025, €2 billion more than originally anticipated.

And while Habeck continues to dream green dreams, everything else continues to deteriorate. Remember the once hailed German punctuality? Well, according to national railway services there are plans to finally make trains run on time again — but not until 2070, more than a generation down the line. An official Government poll of 3,300 companies showed that 37% were considering cutting production or moving abroad, up from 31% last year. There is a sense of exhaustion that permeates the German public and its entrepreneurs, and that is made worse by a political class that appears to be entirely oblivious to the mounting problems in all areas of life.

Under these conditions, is it really a surprise that more and more Germans — literally and figuratively — are beginning to look for an alternative for Germany?


Ralph Schoellhammer is assistant professor of International Relations at Webster University, Vienna.

Raphfel

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Jürg Gassmann
Jürg Gassmann
28 days ago

I cannot help thinking that somewhere, someone is unfurling a “mission accomplished” banner.

Andrew Vanbarner
Andrew Vanbarner
28 days ago
Reply to  Jürg Gassmann

It’s unlikely to be coincidental that most environmentalists also despise free markets.

Vesselina Zaitzeva
Vesselina Zaitzeva
28 days ago

Well, environmentalism is an intrinsically leftist ideology, that’s why the environmentalists are strongly against free markets, as you say, and any entrepreneurship, private property and everything that contributes to economic growth.
And once we also remember that ideologically the green movement has been Malthusian since its inception, there are no surprises about what exactly they pursue and by what means.
Although I would think that the green politicians’ incompetence has also been a contributing factor, along with their burning desire to ruin the economy.

Katharine Eyre
Katharine Eyre
28 days ago

Germany just isn’t an attractive destination for talented innovative people these days. High taxes, crumbling infrastructure, layers of bureaucracy that strangle initiative and the formerly admired German efficiency, skyrocketing costs of living, crazy migration policies and all the attendant problems.
If you don’t have much and want to live nicely off the state, head to Germany. If you are wealthy, young, smart, want to earn money and be upwardly mobile – give it a miss.

David Lynch
David Lynch
27 days ago
Reply to  Katharine Eyre

As someone living and working in Germany, you make some valid points, but it’s not as bad as you make it sound.

Dee Harris
Dee Harris
27 days ago
Reply to  David Lynch

Things fail slowly, then all at once…

Bret Larson
Bret Larson
28 days ago

This is what happens when you believe your own lies.

Jim Veenbaas
Jim Veenbaas
28 days ago

And they wonder why people support the AfD. I guess you can solve that problem by banning opposition parties.

David McKee
David McKee
28 days ago

Meanwhile, in Germany’s cultural alter ego, Britain…
Who would have thought it? Starmer’s government obviously thinks the Scholz coalition is a role model, which it proposes to follow to the letter. In present-day Germany, we in Britain see our future a couple of years down the line. What a delightful prospect!

Stephanie Surface
Stephanie Surface
28 days ago
Reply to  David McKee

Seems Ed Miliband is imitating Green Robert Habeck, Minister for Energy and Economics, former children’s book author and destroyer of the once successful German economy. Things can only get worse for Britain! My only hope is, that a President Trump victory might put an end to the nutty NetZero obsession of Western governments.

UnHerd Reader
UnHerd Reader
27 days ago

Do you think that climate change will go away just because you deny its existence? It really doesn’t give a damn what you believe or disbelieve ,it will go its own inexorable way irrespective of your 18th century free market superstitions and idolatry.

Rick Frazier
Rick Frazier
26 days ago
Reply to  UnHerd Reader

Do you really think climate change will go away because you drive an EV, put a solar panel on your roof, or because your government creates more wind farms? The environmental and economic tradeoffs required by all those solutions offsets any perceived benefits. Unless of course you are Elon Musk, who continues to be made richer by green subsidies and mandates. You could even go so far as to completely shut down the U.S. and EU economies and climate change wouldn’t “give a damn.”

Future technologies will cause today’s government mandated technologies to be thrown on a scrap heap. (Governments almost always bet on the wrong horses.) Nuclear advances are already starting this process. And natural gas already offers a solution with less tradeoffs than all the net zero, government preferred solutions on offer today.

Seb Dakin
Seb Dakin
25 days ago
Reply to  UnHerd Reader

I completely agree that climate change appears to be happening, and will happily concede that it is. The point is what you then do. Spend vast amounts of resources and capital to reverse/stop climate change itself?
Or individual and sensible adaptation to the results of climate change, where and as they manifest?
Do you seek to halt the incoming ocean, or do build a little further up the shore?
Do you try to cool the temperature of the entire Earth to some point in the past you’ve chosen, or do you plant different crops, while someone nearer to the poles plants the ones you used to grow?
People opposed to the ruinously expensive ‘solutions’ to a warming global climate are not denying any facts (mostly) but asking whether other responses aren’t perhaps better, and ironically ones that don’t wreck economies and impoverish people are the ones that are sustainable.

Bret Larson
Bret Larson
27 days ago
Reply to  David McKee

You get what you vote for. I suggest big demonstrations.

Susan Grabston
Susan Grabston
28 days ago

This is do sad. Dealt with several Hamburg mittelstands in the 1990s – wel run businesses with core.competencies, often multi-generational. From the data I’m reading Germany’s loss is Austria and Switzerland’s gain. The broader question is whither the EU with both Germany and France in trouble?

Michael Cazaly
Michael Cazaly
27 days ago
Reply to  Susan Grabston

The EU’s destination is what it was always going to be…fracture and disintegration.

The attempt to impose a unified regime on such diverse nations was doomed to fail, having caused damage in the meantime.

charlie martell
charlie martell
27 days ago

Much the same here.

Idiot green fanatics making decisions which will impoverish normal people and small businesses.

But, they’re alright Jack. Public sector pensions and multiple hidden benefits means that they are insulated from the consequences of their extreme left ideology.

Ethniciodo Rodenydo
Ethniciodo Rodenydo
26 days ago

Just like the UK then

charlie martell
charlie martell
23 days ago

I was referring to the UK.

Alan Gore
Alan Gore
27 days ago

Lesson learned, in German: you can’t pause a vertically integrated manufacturing process because the wind isn’t blowing today.

Jake Raven
Jake Raven
27 days ago

It seems like Herr Smarmer is following in Germany’s footsteps, not learning from their ineptitude

Michael Clarke
Michael Clarke
26 days ago

It’s hard to know all the reasons Germany is in steep decline but two stand out for me: replacing the DM with a weak DM (the euro) that resulted in exporters and ultimately Germany becoming complacent and the decision to get involved in the war in Ukraine.

Martin M
Martin M
25 days ago

I keep hearing a particular comment coming up in lots of forums, and relating to lots of countries. It broadly goes “If the government would just tighten up the border, and get rid of all this Net Zero nonsense, they wouldn’t have to worry about the Far Right as much”. I think there may be something in that.