Referendum time! (Laski Diffusion/Liaison)
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As far as “world order” is concerned, the future may resemble the pre-modern past. The characteristic political institution of modernity is the nation-state. But before the era of European nation-states was inaugurated in Westphalia in 1648, Europe and much of the rest of the world was feudal. Today, the nation-state appears to be disintegrating. As it does, we should expect relationships of power around the world to again take on a feudal character, similar in form to pre-modern feudalism but operating on very different foundations.
I’m not referring to the so-called “neo-feudalism” described by Joel Kotkin — a socially ruinous and politically dangerous polarisation of wealth within nations where the middle class is rapidly vanishing. This primarily economic phenomenon is more accurately described as an extreme form of oligarchy. It is a product of liberal globalisation.
What I see developing is an alternative system of relationships among armed world powers, one which we might call “feudal globalisation.” Liberal globalisation seeks to universalise a “rules-based” order of nation-states cooperating to facilitate economic prosperity and to elevate mutual consent as much as possible over physical violence, which serves as a last resort when negotiation fails. Feudal globalisation embraces intimidation and violent domination of people and resources — embraces it forthrightly, except when trying to play the rhetorical game of liberal norms for diplomatic purposes, as Vladimir Putin occasionally does in his territorial claims.
Putin is one of the great lords in this alternative system. His vassals include the presidents of Syria, Belarus, and (to a lesser degree) Turkey. When Viktor Yanukovich was president of Ukraine, his was shaping up to be such a vassal regime, and there are rumours that when Putin began his invasion he had hopes of reinstalling him. Iran, Xi’s China, and Maduro’s Venezuela are also players in this alternative system. A year ago, Anne Applebaum dubbed this cadre of heads of state “Autocracy Inc.”.
Meanwhile, in the US, Shivshankar Menon, a former National Security Adviser to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, recently observed that large a part of the “foreign policy establishment… has embarked on an ideological quest to divide the world between democracies and autocracies”. This is certainly how the Biden administration frames the stakes of its opposition to Russia in Ukraine.
This belief rests on the assumption that we are engaged in a struggle over what kind of nation states will shape world politics. But if this 400-year-old premise is really what is at issue, then something structurally deeper than democracy is at stake — namely, the question of whether world politics will operate according to nation-state logic or feudal logic.
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SubscribeIn my anecdotal observations of daily life in the “information economy”, I can see that at this point most western societies have fragmented into multiple nations (often with completely different world views and aims) living within the same border. This is fueled and abetted by “social” “media”. It’s distinctly feudal. There is no faith in any of the larger institutions. “You can only look to your neighbor” is how I increasingly see people conduct their daily lives.
Still, if you have the option of being part of a functioning demnocratic state (as, for instance the Afghans did not), why would people prefer to be ruled by ‘armed gangs of uncertain allegiance’, as the author puts it?
Good question, and my belief is that the reason is simply economic. If the “armed gangs” provide security and the availability of food better than the corrupt local “democratic” state government does, it will prosper.
I was thinking they provide a higher probability of safety.
Yes, you take a knee to whoever can protect you from villains worse than them.
Makes sense (I did say functioning democratic state).
This recalls Joseph Tainter’s view in his book The Collapse of Complex Societies: when a society grows too complex, it fails to provide what people need. A resulting collapse then produces smaller, simpler organizations that perform better. Interesting idea.
…that’s it! See Lord Rees-Mogg’s predictions of exactly all this in “The Sovereign Individual” (1997).
Thanks for recommending the book.
It depends on the price of “being part of a functional democratic state”. Remember, democracy is when the 3 wolves vote to eat the 2 sheep. If the sheep could find an “armed gang of uncertain allegiance”, why wouldn’t they take a chance?
We’re a long way from that in the upper-middle-class West. But how far away are the Blue Ridge hillbillys from making that switch? Or poor, inner-city blacks? (I would argue it’s already started there) Or TX & NM border town residents? Or the Canadian truckers who had their bank accounts frozen?
The sheep are increasing in number.
the title – ”Feudal overlords still rule the world” (I love Ben Harnwell’s name for them(Davos, WEF) ‘Our Psychopathic Overlords’))
OK but the writer does not get it – it is to be feudalism under the WEF ‘You will own nothing but be happy’ That IS Feudalism. Before the Norman Conquest Saxons own their land – a Peasant is a small landholder farmer, his own man, the Kulaks – but that ended with Feudalism. Islam has always been Feudal where all are tenants on the lords land. They paid a Share of all they produced in exchange for using the lord’s land, they paid service and fealty.
This is the Bill Gates future for you.
But the picture of Putin – Russia are autocrat Oligarchs – but so is Ukraine. Both totally owned by their corrupt masters. That is why the war between them is different – it was not our business, it was a regional war, not European. Not even Western. The global problems were not worth it. Peace should have been forced by us, concessions given – not just joining the war.
If the Crips and the Bloods were fighting over one of their turfs being invaded by the other – should the city give assistance to the side being invaded?
So look at the global income chart – why was Ukraine so poor? Because it was run by criminals. They have resources, tech, industry, vast markets – but dirt poor! That is how corrupt Ukraine is.
Average Income around the world https://www.worlddata.info/average-income.php
USA income $70,000
UK income $45,000
Ukraine income $4120
They were a POOR Country Ecuador and Columbia are above them.
Perhaps spending a long time under the rule of the Soviets, and then under Russian influence is what has caused Ukraines stagnation? Most of the ex Soviet republics saw their incomes improve once they looked west rather than east, maybe if Ukraine had followed their lead earlier they wouldn’t be languishing where they currently are in the financial league tables
If the Crips were winning, and apt to take on the Chamber of Commerce next, absolutely we should help the Bloods.
Z
Thanks for the data points on income
“Nowadays, autocracies are run not by one bad guy, but by sophisticated networks … connected not only within a given country, but among many countries. The corrupt, state-controlled companies in one dictatorship do business with the corrupt, state-controlled companies in another. The police in one country can arm, equip, and train the police in another…. Their links are … designed to take the edge off ….”
Add in the MSM and how does this not apply to the US, UK, EU, Canada etc?
We just have more window dressing
The process will accelerate greatly as the Globalized Order breaks down and new fault lines emerge (or re-emerge). I think those best able to resist this will be the nation states who’s legitimacy are derived from the harnessing of solidarity of their people. The more liberal societies which don’t even believe they are a common people at all, with a common God, will be easiest fragmented, however they also have the farthest to fall.
Syria and post-Saddam Iraq or even Spain it seems are examples of nations which aren’t “really real” in this sense and were held together by regimes who’s legitimacy derived from keeping the anarchy at bay. Mexico is a bit different, there is hope there and no matter how bad it gets they will always be on the continent that enjoys doing nothing more than withdrawing into itself when the goings get tough.
Whose.
It’s worth noting that while the author mentions “sub-state actors”, he focuses almost exclusively on those operating in so-called ‘failed states’, like drug cartels and regional warlords, while studiously avoiding naming any of the prominent ones that operate within our so called liberal democracies, namely tech giants like Amazon, Google, Facebook, Twitter, big banking, big pharma, Wal-Mart, etc. Name an industry and there’s likely a handful of multinational corporations that exert far more control over it than any government, and in fact exert more control over the governments of liberal democracies than the governments exercise over them. Perhaps a more apt term for these would be supra-state actors.
excellent point and apposite term – i will adopt it henceforth! Liberal govts may change but the supra-state actors do their thing regardless of any attempted checks and balances…
Funny how all the countries in this supposed new feudal order are without exception losers: Russia, Syria, Belarus, Venezuela, … . China has severe economic problems coming its way.
I wouldn’t waste too much time on this ridiculous fantasy.
Exactly, and you don’t even need a GCSE in psychology to appreciate the link between insecurity/weakness and displays of strength (& vice versa). The chihuahua vs the pitbull – who barks most; why?
The article makes interesting points, but I object to the use of the term “feudalism” for the phenomenon described. Feudalism was based on oaths between lords and vassals that set out recognized duties and obligations. What is described in the article strikes me more as a sort of anarchism or gangsterism.
erikhildinger.com
Interesting perspective
There appears to be some truth to this story.
Marie-Antoinette Schiffman clearly fears the return of the guillotine, but how about the beam in his/her own eye?
Yea, well he does not have vast concintration camps of Uyghers making cell phone parts for the West.
‘The enemy of my enemy is my friend’ was the old saying – we made it into:
‘Lets force our enemies to be each-other’s friends.’
Yeah, it
s all about mutual conset over physical violence. That
s why “liberal globalisation” has world`s largest military budget and military forces, that it keeps using to reduce countries to rubble.Curious as to which country has been reduced to rubble in the last 50 years by the world’s largest military? Perhaps I missed the news.
Directly – Vietnam, Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan.
Indirectly – Chile, Iran, Yemen
The question itself is interesting. Most people would agree the West has been a force for good in recent decades and better than the alternative (communism, Nazism, China, Islam).
But being utterly ignorant of how awful the top layer of the political and military class is, how contemptuous of lives that don’t quite “matter” as much, is a pretty common malaise here.
Libya? No. The West intervened in an existing fighting to topple Ghaddafi (who was otherwise going to win and take his revenge). The Libyans did the rest themselves. Yemen? Civil war, supported by Iran and Saudi Arabia, on opposite sides. Chile, Iran? Not a lot of rubble there, last time I saw. Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan I am not going to argue.Why the long list? Are you one of those ‘everything the west does is bad’ guys?
You’re right to point out that US foreign policy has not always been benign, intelligent, or even rational – however, on the specifics:
Vietnam – fair enough, strategic bombing of North Vietnamese cities
Afghanistan – infrastructure destroyed almost entirely by local warlords since 1978, partially if temporarily rebuild by West and Soviets; yes warlords sometimes part-funded by USA (and regional powers), but disingenuous to equate this with the US military flattening the country
Iraq – relatively limited destruction of infrastructure during invasion, and rebuilt by the coalition, severe collateral damage to areas of heavy urban fighting like Ramadi and Fallujah likewise repaired
Libya – infrastructure destroyed mostly by Gaddafi and to a lesser extent by local warlords after NATO bombing campaign concluded
Chile – not even close, negligible infrastructure destruction by conservative junta
Iran – tenuous links between Saddam Hussein and USA, Iran-Iraq war was entirely Saddam’s choice and had a relatively limited area of destruction due to stalemate nature of conflict
Yemen – fair enough, 2/7
You can be balanced about US foreign policy without resorting to Trumpian exaggeration
Why is Yemen the fault of the USA? I would not have thought so, so I am honestly curious.
I can’t say I got much out of this droning piece.
Excellent essay and very useful macroview framework thankyou
Liberal World Order = you have total freedom over your own junk but we will decide everything else, deplorable.