This is a well-researched, perceptive and compelling article. Another point to be considered is this: the negative impact of growth prevention in the Midlands was facilitated by the inability of most local and national politicians to act in a coordinated way, irrespective of political allegiances, to challenge national government policies. Moreover, in Birmingham, too many leading figures were drawn into a useless, demeaning argument with Manchester over the worthless title of ‘Second City’. There is still a real need for Midland politicians to work together constructively for the well being of the region, in particular with highlighting the importance of manufacturing as something which adds value to individuals, families and communities as well as to the economy.