Far from being the caveman-like “primal” who spent hours a day in the sun and ice-cold water before sleeping eight uninterrupted hours each night, the email correspondence depicted an individual who pinched his tummy in the mirror, watched Marvel movies, and struggled to sleep more than a handful of uninterrupted hours before waking up in a state of discomfort. He was, in other words, another middle-aged man desperately trying to turn back the clock — one of many such cases.

When I asked steroid expert Anthony Roberts about the Liver King’s drug regimen, the long-time fitness journalist explained that since the influencer’s branding is “almost entirely predicated on his physique resulting from a purported “ancestral lifestyle”, this was “money well spent, even if it turns the marketing into a somewhat dubious affair.” 

Roberts has spent his career uncovering fraud and deception in the fitness industry. Liver King’s method was a textbook hustle: as discussed by Malcom Kyeyune in a recent City Journal article covering such curious quasi-faiths and fitness cults, he had to sell the esoteric knowledge of his supposed lifestyle to today’s slovenly modern men, but since walking, outdoor exercise, and eating organ meat can only do so much for the typical testosterone-depleted couch potato, he needed his steroid-infused body as proof of concept. If you do as I say, the Liver King’s sales pitch goes, you might end up looking like I do — only you never actually will, because you’re not using the steroids I use, so you’ll have to keep coming to me for advice and fitness supplements that don’t do the job. 

As is the case with many exposed fitness hucksters and confidence men, the revelation of the Liver King’s real source of strength wasn’t enough to dissuade those who see merits in his methods or find spiritual solace in the message. The anonymous fitness influencer SolBrah — who promotes a similar lifestyle but, owing to the anonymity that cloaks him and related accounts like the liver jerky-peddling Carnivore Aurelius, can’t even be scrutinised the way the Liver King has — responded to criticism of Johnson by remarking that “you don’t know the possibilities when you do everything right in terms of training and eating for 35-plus years” (which the Liver King, by his own admission in those emails, had not). 

In fact, the Liver King is rarely seen doing anything but eating organ meats, posing for the cameras, and carrying kettlebells — hardly impressive from a functional perspective, his physique notwithstanding. When asked whether the Liver King’s level of muscular development could be obtained without steroids, Anthony Roberts was sceptical:

Nevertheless, the Liver King and other popular fitness influencers like him have continued to achieve considerable fame through outright deception, a practice Roberts refers to as the “oldest and cheapest performance enhancer there is.” 

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Oliver Bateman is a historian and journalist based in Pittsburgh. He blogs, vlogs, and podcasts at his Substack, Oliver Bateman Does the Work

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