June 25, 2024 - 1:00pm

Results are in for last night’s by-election to the Canadian parliament: voters in the constituency of Toronto-St Paul’s elected the Conservative candidate Don Stewart over his Liberal opponent Leslie Church, taking one seat away from the government party and giving it to Pierre Poilievre’s official opposition. The count took longer than usual due to abnormally large ballots, the result of dozens of protest candidacies, meaning the suspense lasted until the winner was announced around 5am the next day, when Canadians woke up to what could be an altered political landscape.

By-elections are usually sleepy affairs. This contest, however, attracted a great deal of attention for reasons having to do with national trends. It was touted by commentators as nothing less than a “referendum” on struggling Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, whose approval numbers (along with those of his party) have been in the doldrums for well over a year.

Toronto-St Paul’s happened to be one of the safest Liberal seats, which the party held for 30 years. Its last MP, Dr Carolyn Bennet, was a minister in Trudeau‘s cabinet who stepped down to become Ambassador to Denmark; her long string of victories in past elections — having won by a margin of 24% in the 2021 campaign — seemed to attest to how comfortable the residents of this affluent portion of Toronto’s Midtown had been with the Liberal brand. But during this election, Stewart won by 15,555 votes (42.1 %) to Church’s 14,965 (40.5 %). The fact that they have now rejected the Liberals speaks volumes about the scale of the party’s decline.

Issues that could have moved the needle in this particular constituency include opposition to Trudeau’s capital gains tax hike, a rejection of his government’s stand on Israel by the sizeable Jewish community there, and a general dissatisfaction with the direction of the country shared with Canadians from coast to coast. Reportedly, some Liberal supporters chose to stay home as a means of sending a message to their stubborn leader. Indeed, this Conservative victory opens the possibility that the city of Toronto, itself a vast Liberal stronghold, may now be up for grabs.

The outcome of the race, though regarded as entirely probable by pollsters, will still be felt as a “shock” and an “upset” in Canadian political world. It portends the real seismic shift in the next federal election, scheduled for autumn 2025, when the same polling trend lines predict a catastrophic loss for Trudeau’s Liberals at the hands of Canada’s Tories. Available seat projections show Poilievre’s Conservatives gaining 200+ seats, a mega-majority in Canada’s 338-seat House of Commons. Toronto-St Paul’s all but hastened that vision of the future.

Speculation about Trudeau’s next moves, whether he will take this as his cue to finally step down or defiantly stare down the prospect of a historic defeat, will only intensify in the days ahead. If last night’s devastating news doesn’t nudge him toward the exit door, perhaps watching UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak and his own exhausted ruling party get sent to political oblivion next week may do it.


Michael Cuenco is a writer on policy and politics. He is Associate Editor at American Affairs.
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