Obviously, the pollution risks are more predictable and manageable than those of the disease, which is why we’ve tolerated the former. But these aren’t entirely separate threats.

Indeed, there’s mounting evidence that air pollution leaves us more vulnerable to the virus. It would be surprising if this wasn’t the case. Anything that stresses and damages lung tissue will weaken its resistance to infection.

A new study from the Department of Biostatistics at Harvard appears to confirm this intuition. The researchers found a “statistically significant and robust” link between exposure to fine particulate matter (one of the key components of air pollution) and the Covid-19 death rate.

The dirtiest air is often found in densely populated areas — especially in the poorest neighbourhoods, so the usual caveats about correlations and causation apply. However, the researchers did make adjustments for a number of factors such as “population size, hospital beds, number of individuals tested, weather and socioeconomic and behavioural variables including, but not limited to obesity and smoking” — and still reached the following conclusion:

Of course, it’s just one study from one country. But by the time this crisis is over we will have a mountain of data to analyse from across the world. If there’s a link between air pollution and Covid mortality, there’s a good chance of establishing it beyond reasonable doubt.

We’ll then be faced with two vital decisions: Firstly, whether we continue to tolerate this assault on our lungs; and secondly whether we make the polluters pay.

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Peter Franklin is Associate Editor of UnHerd. He was previously a policy advisor and speechwriter on environmental and social issues.

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