If it’s a straight dose of December cheer – or ‘up-lit’ – that you’re after, these might not be the recommendations for you. The books that grabbed my attention most powerfully this year often deal with characters who try to escape the grim roles that are handed to them, to struggle out from beneath the potentially crushing weight of society. The more comforting news, however, is that sometimes they do rather well.
It only struck me some time after reading two superb books on the Booker shortlist this year – Esi Edugyan’s Washington Black and Anna Burns’ Milkman – that they had something in common: both draw much of their force from the protagonist’s watchful, wary navigation of looming threats. They reveal this, however, using completely different styles.
Washington Black first unfurls in a Barbados sugar plantation in 1830: its story is told in the first person, through the eyes of Wash, who is an enslaved boy of 10 or 11 when the story starts with the ominous arrival of a “tall, impatient, sickly” new master. Wash senses evil: “He owned me, as he owned all those I lived among, not only our lives but also our deaths, and that pleased him too much.” Edugyan’s writing style is poetic and clear, with an ear for the verbal formality of the era: the brutality of slavery seeps through the elegant prose.
One piercing aspect of this book – particularly in the pages before Wash flees the plantation – is its understanding of how keenly sharp a sense of vigilance is needed to survive in a brutally untrustworthy world. Small errors of judgement might lead indirectly to violent beatings or worse; the faintest danger must be scented far in advance of its arrival. Fear is written in the involuntary responses of the body, even before it is clarified in the mind: “I felt the soft tremor of my hands in my lap.”
When an older white man, Mister Philip, compels Wash to accompany him to an isolated spot and then proceeds to shoot himself, the thing that really terrifies Wash is not “the sudden violence, which had been with me since birth, but from the terrible fact that I alone had been present at the death of a white man”. With an unforced touch, the depth of slavery’s internal reach is conveyed. Escape, when it comes, is all the more welcome.
The 18-year-old female protagonist of Milkman inhabits an unnamed city and time, but one that looks and feels very like 1970s Belfast, where the author grew up in the thick of the Troubles. The narrator, known only as “middle-sister”, has much more freedom to steer her fate than Wash, of course, but she too must be vigilant: she moves in a volatile community, mined with potential violence, where the constant slosh of rumour and grudges can suddenly harden into open threat.
When a powerful paramilitary known only as “Milkman” begins to stalk her, a complex weight of judgements descends upon her. Burns’ mode of writing is radically different from that of Edugyan: nerviness is baked into the style, which is full of concealments, layered considerations and circumlocutions, the highways and byways of a mind under intensifying stress. Real names are not revealed, and nor are those of terrorist organisations – they are “renouncers” or “defenders” – and the steady warping of domestic life is signalled by slick piles of murdered dogs and a headless cat.
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