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MI5 must rethink Islamic terrorism

MI5 Director-General Ken McCallum speaks yesterday. Credit: MI5/X

October 9, 2024 - 11:00am

“MI5 has one hell of a job on its hands.” That was the warning yesterday from the agency’s Director-General, Ken McCallum, in a speech which touched on everything from Russian espionage to Iranian assassination plots, and from the present competition with China to the violent echoes of last century’s conflict in Northern Ireland.

On counterterrorism, McCallum gave the “headline split” of “75% Islamist terrorism, 25% extreme Right-wing.” Despite delving into the shifting ideological configurations of the violence, McCallum underlined that the threat of most concern is still that posed by al-Qaeda and Islamic State.

It may be surprising to hear that al-Qaeda warrants a mention in 2024, but some of the old guard are indeed still knocking around. We do not yet know the implications of Afghanistan’s fall to the Taliban in 2021, while in August an al-Qaeda affiliate slaughtered several hundred civilians in Burkina Faso.

But what of plots in Britain and Europe? In March Islamic State unleashed a Bataclan-style massacre in Moscow, killing over 130 people, while in August a plot to kill audience members at a Taylor Swift concert was intercepted in Vienna. Islamic State’s appetite to unleash mass murder in European capitals has evidently not abated, though most of these cases are linked to IS operatives overseas.

Beneath these more sophisticated plots, there is the ongoing drumbeat of stabbing attacks across Europe, usually perpetrated by lone actors. While reported at the time, these leave little impression on the psyche of the societies they afflict. They are forgotten and moved on from as quickly as they unfolded, largely because of a widespread discomfort about addressing Islamist extremism. It is especially true when such a high proportion of perpetrators are recent arrivals to the continent, with many linked to asylum claims — as was the case of the knifeman who murdered three at a festival in Solingen, Germany in August.

In the face of this brand of violence, public institutions adopt a strategy of avoidance, for fear of empowering a “far-Right narrative”, but it should be obvious by now that the failure of liberal institutions to confront Islamist terrorism is what drives the Right-wing narrative.

Another factor behind the muted reaction to the semi-regular stabbings and killings is confusion, by virtue of an undercurrent which confounds the traditional lenses for identifying Islamist terror. What authorities mean by Islamist terror tends to mean Salafi-jihadists: namely al-Qaeda and Islamic State. But closer inspection reveals a relatively new strain of Islamist terrorism in the truest sense of the term: individuals acting out of a perceived irreconcilable clash between their Islamist worldview and the West, or in reaction to the crossing of Islamist moral red lines, without neatly defined ties to the Salafi-jihadist worldview or propaganda consumption to which we have become accustomed.

In 2022 there was the 44-year-old Blackburn man who took hostages at a Texas synagogue while demanding the release of Aafia Siddiqui, an al-Qaeda operative and cause célèbre for British Islamist activists. There was Edward Little, who that same year sought to kill former Muslim-turned-Christian preacher Hatun Tash for her perceived blasphemy, as well as the 2023 murder of a pensioner in Hartlepool in a claimed revenge attack over Gaza. There was the Batley schoolteacher who was forced into hiding in 2021 for showing caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad, a chilling reminder of the murder of Samuel Paty by an Islamic terrorist in France the previous year.

When a jihadist attacks and their devices are analysed, Islamic State propaganda may be found. These are clear and quantifiable data points. In the absence of such evidence, the permeation of Islamist ideology throughout society and its acceptance by individuals willing to commit violence on its behalf is less straightforward. So when perpetrators do not fit neatly into the Salafi-jihadist bucket, other angles such as mental health or “mixed, unclear, or unstable ideology” are liable to elbow their way into the analysis.

MI5 is already alert to Russian and Chinese influence operations, but security services have largely been spared tackling another ongoing influence campaign which equally seeks to subvert British democracy and increasingly manifests as violence on the streets of Europe — that of global Islamism. Unfortunately for the already stretched McCallum and his colleagues, the task of protecting British democracy and reducing violence will not be possible until this changes.


Liam Duffy is a researcher, speaker and trainer in counter-terrorism based in London.

LiamSD12

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Lancashire Lad
Lancashire Lad
2 months ago

I think the author gets one thing badly wrong. He claims that the regular stabbing attacks are quickly “forgotten and moved on from” by western countries for fear of “empowering a “far-Right narrative” “. The narrative which he alludes to is instead, stoked by this very “forgetting” due to the impact it has on local populations, in the front line as it were of the jihad.
There’s no more obvious instance of this than the UK riots during the summer, following the murder of several young girls in Southport. Whether or not the perpetrator had Islamist leanings; whether he was a recent immigrant or not, the perception that he seemed to fit a pattern that even the author recognises shows how those who took to the streets will not put up with this kind of continual attack on our freedom to live the lives we’ve developed through hard-won struggles over many centuries.
If anyone thinks Starmer’s tactics of releasing hardened criminals to put those who took to the streets in jail can be replicated again and again, they don’t know the British people.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  Lancashire Lad

The resentment and disgust of the silent majority grows with every atrocity. To maintain a stable and harmonious society, it is necessary to not only expose the unacceptable, the genuine threat to stability and survival, but also to deal with it immediately and appropriately (in the way Starmer dealt with the riots which were a consequence of the threat not the threat: the real questions is why do those in power refuse to acknowledge the actual threat) otherwise what is the point of government and the police force.

Vijay Kant
Vijay Kant
2 months ago

Vote-bank politics is the reason why politicians appease certain well organised groups.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago

‘The new leader of Nottingham City Council, Ms Khan, says Nottingham can no longer afford to fund Bonfire Night, so it’s axed.’ Why should she see the point of bonfire night? – the reason she doesn’t is exactly the same reason she should never have had a place on Nottingham council.

j watson
j watson
2 months ago

Was she elected?
Slightly separate but Bonfire night always been an interesting one – it’s genesis related to anti-catholicism. Personally I think it’s harmless now, well so long as someone applies basic health & safety of course.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  j watson

I attended a catholic school between the ages of 4 and 8 then a COE school from 8 until 11. I was first taught guy Fawkes was a hero then a villain, but both accepted he is an extremely important part of the history of the UK. Obviously, it is not a part of ms Khan’s history and she has no interest in assimilating, probably identifies with another country which she refers to as her homeland.

j watson
j watson
2 months ago

Was she elected?
Not sure Bonfire night as part of a worthy citizen test perhaps the best?

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  j watson

What has worthy got to do with it. It is a tradition which goes back hundreds of years. Are you part of the generation who believes it is their duty to judge history from a contemporary perspective rather than understand history which takes a lot more work?
A lot of Netflix is appalling and not interesting because it is constantly judging. I recently saw the film Firebrand at the cinema. It has been years since I last went to the cinema. I was desperately hoping it wasn’t woke. At first, I thought Catherine Parr was going to be a lesbian (must have a gay component) fortunately it was only briefly implied. Henry the eighth was represented as a wife beater (as far as I know, there is no historical evidence that he was) and there was the obligatory black lady in waiting. Catherine Parr was of course represented as the brave hero and Henry the eighth as toxic masculinity to use a woke term.

Dennis Roberts
Dennis Roberts
2 months ago

Not seen the film but Henry the eighth was a useless waster. Given that he chopped the heads off two of the wives I’d suggest wife beater is underselling it somewhat.

My kids were taught about him three or four times through school – he’s important and the six wives are entertaining, but it wound me up that he was covered multiple times when, say, Alfred the Great was not taught at all.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  Dennis Roberts

I thought he was relatively good king. Abandoning the Catholic Church planted the seeds for the greatest and most extensive empire that ever existed. People tend to be far more interested in his wives than his accomplishments but then people general prefer to read about scandal.

Dennis Roberts
Dennis Roberts
2 months ago

He’s important, but he wasn’t good, in any sense of the word. Henry may have broken with Rome, but it was only so he could get a different wife – he wasn’t a protestant, that came later. He wasted vast amounts of money on wars with France, the Scots, the Irish and even the Dutch, which he mostly lost. Had to heavily fortify the coast because England was in of fear invasion. Executed sensible advisors and set the country on the path to the civil wars that followed under his children. Destroyed the monasteries as he’d squandered the financially sound inheritance his dad had left.

In terms of bad kings he’s right up there.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  Dennis Roberts

I thought he was considered a good monarch in his early years which is why I stated relatively good. Should probably have stated part good and part bad.

B Emery
B Emery
2 months ago

(as far as I know, there is no historical evidence that he was)

Are you sure? I thought his wives were divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived.
There is two beheadings in there.
So more a wife executer than a wife beater. I imagine if he was prepared to behead two wives, beating them was probably also not out of the question.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  B Emery

Henry VIII did not personally behead Anne Boleyn or Catherine Howard. Contemporary accounts indicate he was devastated by Catherine Howard’s adultery and the obligatory decapitation. I doubt he was a wife beater because he could just walk away, move on, pleasure himself elsewhere.

B Emery
B Emery
2 months ago

Yes I am aware he didn’t do his own executions.
Just because someone can walk away, doesn’t mean they will.
Either of us could be correct anyway, I’m not sure it’s a matter of great historical importance at this present time to be fair, I shan’t let it worry me either way.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  B Emery

I repeat, there is no historical evidence. Why the need to embroider? He might have remained with Katherine of Aragon if he could have fathered a son with her.

B Emery
B Emery
2 months ago

No historical evidence means very little.
He might well have done. I honestly can’t remember all the in and outs of Henry viiis love life.
Didn’t he destroy the church so he could get divorced?
He wasn’t exactly known for moderation. You seem to have a rather a rose tinted view of tudor England.
We really have gone off topic. I’m not sure how we made it from mi5 and terr*rism to Henry viii.
Mind blowing.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  B Emery

Truth matters absolutely or not all. I believe it matters absolutely. At the time, the greatest privilege for anyone was access to the king. The greatest punishment was denial of access. According to contemporary sources, once he was finished with a wife he ghosted (modern parlance) them. Execution then divorce being extreme forms of ghosting.

B Emery
B Emery
2 months ago

Well I’m glad someone has taken a keen interest in Henry and his wives.
Which historical sources did you consult? Did you use primary or secondary sources? How many historical documents did you consult before you declared there was no record of him beating his wives?
I suppose execution is an extreme form ghosting.
How is this a real conversation.
Mi5 > bonfire night > Henry viii

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  B Emery

I think the onus is on you to produce at least one historical document recording him beating a wife.

B Emery
B Emery
2 months ago

I feel like I should try since we have come this far. I’m afraid I’ve failed but I have made an effort:
Googling was henry viii a wife beater is very interesting, seems a few people on reddit have had the same conversation. I have to say I didn’t look very long but I might have to give this one to you:

https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/oct/25/chilling-find-shows-how-henry-viii-planned-every-detail-of-boleyn-beheading

‘In this document, the king stipulated that, although his queen had been “adjudged to death… by burning of fire… or decapitation”, he had been “moved by pity” to spare her the more painful death of being “burned by fire”. But he continued: “We, however, command that… the head of the same Anne shall be… cut off.”

Tracy Borman, a leading Tudor historian, described the warrant book as an astonishing discovery, reinforcing the image of Henry VIII as a “pathological monster”.Borman argues that, despite the coldness of the instructions, the fact Henry spared Boleyn from being burned – a slow, agonising death – was a real kindness by the standards of the day. A beheading with an axe could also involve several blows, and Henry had specified that Boleyn’s head should be “cut off’, which meant by sword, a more reliable form of execution, but not used in England, which is why he had Cromwell send to Calais for a swordsman. ‘

So the historian lady says he’s a pathological monster but then later they say he was actually quite nice because he didn’t burn her.
There is no evidence of wife beating in this particular article nor any that came up on the first page of Google.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  B Emery

I am impressed at your willingness to change your position but I suspect google is not the best way to search for Tudor documents.

laurence scaduto
laurence scaduto
2 months ago

To be honest, I think the motivation to ignore the threat and change the subject is mostly just simple fear. The politicians in particular do a lot of speechifying and hand-shaking; they’re probably in constant fear for their lives.
More proof that we need a better class of hapless apparatchiks.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago

Had a chat with the pizza delivery man yesterday. He is Muslim from Pakistan, recently arrived. I asked him why Muslims in the U.K. who just want to live quietly and prosper (as he does) don’t denounce terrorism. His response- fear.

j watson
j watson
2 months ago
Reply to  Lancashire Lad

‘those who took to the streets’ – who generally turned out to be drunken, looting louts attacking folks who’d had nothing to do with that murder or any other, whilst the keyboard warriors carried on stirring it up?
And those who took to the streets including much bigger anti-racism demos? Do you know the British people? You won’t get a rounded sense here on Unherd.
And hardened criminals released? Yep some criminals for sure, 10% earlier than planned, but deliberate hyberbole one might contend (forgetting of course the Right failed to invest in sufficient prison places for over a decade).
We need to hit the Islamists hard, but in doing so differentiate from the vast majority who do not follow this creed. British value.

Lancashire Lad
Lancashire Lad
2 months ago
Reply to  j watson

“Do i know the British people?” you enquire.
Might i politely suggest i may well know them rather better than you do. What evidence do i have for this? None, other than anyone who’d make such a point as “You won’t get a rounded sense of them on here” makes me suspect they’ve very little insight into anything in general, pre-supposing that i’d consider the Unherd commentariat, with it’s international flavour, anything approaching representative of the UK.

laurence scaduto
laurence scaduto
2 months ago
Reply to  Lancashire Lad

J. Watson has a point about those anti-racism marches.
News is news, and these demos were barely reported at all in the right-leaning papers I read.

Andrew R
Andrew R
2 months ago
Reply to  j watson

The Tories were stupid enough to keep on importing hundreds of thousands of people year on year, while cutting back on public services year on year.

Hugh Bryant
Hugh Bryant
2 months ago
Reply to  j watson

Do you know the British people? 
The guy calls himself ‘Lancashire Lad”, FFS!. Or do you think the only genuine Brits all live in Surbiton?

Kathleen Burnett
Kathleen Burnett
2 months ago

The central issue is that politicians, the MSM and the institutions have deliberately created a climate where people cannot criticise Islam in any shape or form. This structure is the most pernicious; one where you cannot criticise those who wish to destroy you.

D Walsh
D Walsh
2 months ago

The same MSM and politicians also believe in infinity immigration

Diversity is our strength LOL

Andrew F
Andrew F
2 months ago

Director of MI5 claiming that right wing extremism is 25% of overall landscape is delusional.
Most likely just saying what his political masters want him to say to keep his job.

Francis Turner
Francis Turner
2 months ago
Reply to  Andrew F

This is frankly extremely frightening and dangerous manifest dishonesty

Jack Martin Leith
Jack Martin Leith
2 months ago
Reply to  Andrew F

What is the correct percentage then, Andrew?

Peter B
Peter B
2 months ago

I suggest it’s at least an order of magnitude smaller than 25%.
Remember, the exact words were “extreme right wing terrorism”. Actual terrorism. Not extremism.
So I’d expect to see some actual incidents of genuine extreme right wing terrorism.
And yet nothing immediately comes to mind. Did I miss something ?
I can however readily recall both IRA and ulster loyalist terrorism (when younger) and Ismalist-related terrorism.
Curious given the fact that terrorism hasn’t completely disappeared from Northen Ireland and that many terrorists still freely walk the streets that this isn’t troubling the corers over at MI5.
And what do the big brains at MI5 make of Just Stop Oil protests where people actively conspire to cripple vital national infrastructure with untold consequences (missed essential medical appointments, potential severe traffic incidents and injuries, etc) ?

D Walsh
D Walsh
2 months ago
Reply to  Andrew F

He’s probably talking about Facebook and twitter posts

Roddy Campbell
Roddy Campbell
2 months ago
Reply to  Andrew F

Political appointee. Of course he would say that.

A D Kent
A D Kent
2 months ago

 I suggest that everyone reads Mark Curtis’s ‘Secret Affairs: Britains Collusion with Radical Islam’ for an overview of what this Establishment bod and his colleagues have been up to for the last three decades or so. Puts the ‘Clash of Civilisation’ framing in context. I’d be more interested in his opinions if they hadn’t been so recklessly indifferent to blowback and so keen to exploit it when it occurred.

As for Russian operations in the UK, anyone who believes M15’s fairytale about the most serious of these accusations – the Salisbury Poisonings – either hasn’t been paying attention or is a blithering goon.  

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago
Reply to  A D Kent

Qatar funds Islamic terrorism. Macron refuses to supply Israel with arms. A few days later, Qatar invests millions in France..

Michael Cazaly
Michael Cazaly
2 months ago

IS was/ is funded by a number of Middle Eastern States entirely with the complicity of the USA which wanted Syria dismembered.

Forty tons of US ammunition really don’t get dropped by mistake into IS held territory..
.by US forces.

Aphrodite Rises
Aphrodite Rises
2 months ago

Oops. Not millions, billions

Jim Veenbaas
Jim Veenbaas
2 months ago

We need to be clear here. Populists are a much bigger threat to the institutions than Islamists. The people heading these institutions don’t give a damn if islamists are a bigger threat to the people living in those countries. It’s all about the self-interest of the institutions.

Alex Lekas
Alex Lekas
2 months ago

Who is this extreme right-wing of establishment fantasies and what is it that might be motivating this group to take an interest in politics? I guess it’s easier to simply paint those folks as irredeemable crackpots than to concede that they may have a point between certain policy prescriptions and the foreseeable results of those ideas. But that would require the establishmentarians to take some responsibility for their work and we can’t have that. Ergo, people noticing a problem are now just the same as people who actively blow things up and kill others.

Francis Turner
Francis Turner
2 months ago

I hear from my former military comrades, and those still in, that the so called MI5 is a grimly unfunny woke joke

B Emery
B Emery
2 months ago

‘In the face of this brand of violence, public institutions adopt a strategy of avoidance, for fear of empowering a “far-Right narrative”, but it should be obvious by now that the failure of liberal institutions to confront Islamist terrorism is what drives the Right-wing narrative.’

I find this argument hard to follow. So we had 9/11, 7/7, went to war in Iraq and Afghanistan, the whole time the msm pumping out the threat of Islamic terrorism, to the point we had to get ourselves a whole load of new hate speech laws and anti terrorist police units, but now the security services don’t talk about terrorism because they are scared of fuelling right wing narratives?

So the government, having basically fuelled what they call ‘right wing narratives’ ( I object to that description) themselves in the past, to justify wars in the middle east and amplify the dangers of Islamic terr*rism, they now won’t talk about Islamic terr*rism incase people say exactly what the government actually said itself, when they started the ‘war on terror’.
When the government says Islamic terr*rism is bad we have to have a ‘war on terror’.
When the people say its bad, it’s right wing extremism?

Michael Cazaly
Michael Cazaly
2 months ago

Unfortunately if “the security services” said it was daytime outside I would go and look myself.
As for “the threat from the GRU” what is it he pretends they will do? Bombs on buses, underground trains, at pop concerts? Oh actually they were done by others…and not prevented by the “security services”. Of course no doubt they prevented many more…but just can’t say…yeh of course they did…

UnHerd Reader
UnHerd Reader
2 months ago

MI5 apparently played a significant role in the attempt to frame Trump and his campaign as Russian colluders. Perhaps it would be good for MI5 to publicly state they will refrain from interfering with political processes of their allies. Perhaps a review and reform of the so-called 5 eyes system needs to also be considered.

Michael Clarke
Michael Clarke
1 month ago

Definitely a worry but the situation has been made much worse by the mayhem generated in the Islamic world since the collapse of the USSR. Not to mention the current horrors in Israel, the West Bank, Gaza, Lebanon and parts of that region.